In 1824, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot designed the first model of the Carnot engine.This engine is a “ fully reversible engine” with the highest thermal efficiency (η max). The engine which uses the above-given interactions is called a Carnot engine. Therefore, this process is called the isothermal process. During the thermal interaction, the system’s internal temperature must be constant. It means that the temperature variation between the input/output and the system heat is approximately the same, which means that the heat transfer takes place over an infinitely long time. Thermal interaction: During the thermal interaction process, the heat transfer is very slow (called quasi-static). ![]() This process is called an adiabatic process. Mechanical interactions: During the mechanical interaction process (Q = 0), no heat transfer takes place because energy doesn’t drop due to friction.
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